smartctlでS.M.A.R.T情報を取得 201

Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology(セルフモニタリング・アナリシス・アンド・リポーティング・テクノロジー、略称: S.M.A.R.T.(スマート))は、ハードディスクドライブの障害の早期発見・故障の予測を目的としてハードディスクドライブに搭載されている機能である。

LinuxではsmartctlでSMART情報の取得が可能です。

sdaのSMART情報を取得
# smartctl -a /dev/sda

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-35-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate Barracuda 7200.14 (AF)
Device Model:     ST1000DM003-1CH162
Serial Number:    Z1D21E4S
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 04df45fca
Firmware Version: CC43
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Thu Sep 18 23:26:35 2014 JST

==> WARNING: A firmware update for this drive may be available,
see the following Seagate web pages:
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/207931en
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/223651en

SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82) Offline data collection activity
                                        was completed without error.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                (  584) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 111) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x3085) SCT Status supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   111   099   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       40727088
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   097   097   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       279
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       64
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   062   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       17187055270
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   080   080   000    Old_age   Always       -       17678
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       121
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       0 0 1
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   062   047   045    Old_age   Always       -       38 (Min/Max 23/44)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       46
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       279
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   038   053   000    Old_age   Always       -       38 (0 8 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       17665h+43m+52.296s
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       6490326646
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       6054939217

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]


SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

SMARTを無効化
# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb

セルフテスト（shortモード）
# smartctl -t short /dev/sda

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-35-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Thu Sep 18 23:38:39 2014

Use smartctl -X to abort test.

上記コマンドを実行するとバックグラウンドで実行され、終了時間を予測して表示してくれます。
smartctl -Xと打つとテストを中断できます。

1分経ったらセルフテストの経過を確認します。PASSEDなら終了しています。
# smartctl -H /dev/sda

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

セルフテスト結果を表示
# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     17678         -

エラー無し

smartdというデーモンがあり、/etc/smartd.confで設定することにより、自動的にスキャンをさせることが出来ます。
# vi /etc/smartd.conf

/dev/sda -a -o on -S on -s (S/../.././02|L/../../6/03) -m root

-s スケジューリングを有効
(S/../.././02| → ショートスキャンを毎日2時に実行
L/../../6/03) → ロングスキャンを土曜日の3時に実行
-m root → 異常が発見されたらrootにメールを送る

スケジューリングの時間の指定は(S/月/日/曜日/時間)となっています。また「|」で区切って複数のスケジュールを指定することも可能です。